Looking at the National Sample Survey Office data on employment and unemployment by major religious groups, this article finds that the Muslim community remains worse-off compared to all other religious groups on almost all indicators. It is argued that to reap the "demographic dividend", Indian policymakers and administrators will have to proactively implement at least existing social welfare programmes, particularly those that are related to school education.
Sunita Sanghi (sunitasanghi1960@gmail.com) and A Srija (srija.a@nic.in) are with the Labour and Employment Division, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi.
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